PROGRAMMING THE WEB MANUAL
XHTML
(EXtensible HyperText Markup Language):
Introduction:
XHTML
is almost identical to HTML 4.01. XHTML is a stricter and cleaner
version of HTML. XHTML is a combination of HTML and XML (EXtensible
Markup Language). XHTML consists of all the elements in HTML 4.01
combined with the syntax of XML. XML is a markup language where
everything has to be marked up correctly, which results in
"well-formed" documents. XML was designed to describe data
and HTML was designed to display data. All new browsers have support
for XHTML.
The
Most Important Differences:
*
XHTML elements must be properly nested
*
XHTML elements must always be closed
*
XHTML elements must be in lowercase
*
XHTML documents must have one root element
The
basic document structure is:
<html>
<head>
... </head>
<body>
... </body>
</html>
Some
More XHTML Syntax Rules:
*
Attribute names must be in lowercase
*
Attribute values must be quoted
*
Attribute minimization is forbidden
*
The id attribute replaces the name attribute
Tags:
<!--...--> - Defines a comment
<html>
- Defines an html document
<head>
- Defines information about the document
<title>
- Defines the document title
<body>
- Defines the body element
<p>
- Defines a paragraph
<h1>..<h6>
- Defines header 1 to header 6
<font>
- Defines text font, size, and color
<a>
- Defines an anchor
<b>
- Defines bold text
<big>
- Defines big text
<br>
- Inserts a single line break
<div>
- Defines a section in a document
<hr>
- Defines a horizontal rule
<i>
- Defines italic text
<img>
- Defines an image
<ol>
- Defines an ordered list
<ul>
- Defines an unordered list
<li>
- Defines a list item
<span>
- Defines a section in a document
<table>
- Defines a table
<th>
- Defines a table header
<td>
- Defines a table cell
<u>
- Defines underlined text
<input>
- Defines an input field
CSS
(Cascading Style Sheets):
Styles
define how to display HTML elements
Styles
are normally stored in Style Sheets
Styles
were added to HTML 4.0 to solve a problem
External
Style Sheets can save you a lot of work
External
Style Sheets are stored in CSS files as ".css"
Multiple
style definitions will cascade into one
XHTML
with Javascript:
JavaScript
is used in millions of Web pages to improve the design, validate
forms, detect browsers, create cookies, and much more. JavaScript is
the most popular scripting language on the internet, and works in all
major browsers, such as Internet Explorer, Firefox, and Opera. A
scripting language is a lightweight programming language. JavaScript
is usually embedded directly into HTML pages. JavaScript is an
interpreted language (means that scripts execute without preliminary
compilation)
JavaScript
gives HTML designers a programming tool - HTML authors are normally
not programmers, but JavaScript is a scripting language with a very
simple syntax! Almost anyone can put small "snippets" of
code into their HTML pages
JavaScript
can put dynamic text into an HTML page - A JavaScript statement like
this : document.write("<h1>" + name + "</h1>")
can write a variable text into an HTML page
JavaScript
can react to events - A JavaScript can be set to execute when
something happens, like when a page has finished loading or when a
user clicks on an HTML element
JavaScript
can read and write HTML elements - A JavaScript can read and
change the content of an HTML element
JavaScript
can be used to validate data - A JavaScript can be used to
validate form data before it is submitted to a server. This saves the
server from extra processing
JavaScript
can be used to detect the visitor's browser - A JavaScript can be
used to detect the visitor's browser, and - depending on the browser
- load another page specifically designed for that browser
JavaScript
can be used to create cookies - A JavaScript can be used to store
and retrieve information on the visitor's computer.
The programming the web manual is available please click the below link to download.
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Very informative
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